Skill and Nigerian Tertiary Institutions Essay Example

Aptitude and Nigerian Tertiary Institutions Essay Example Aptitude and Nigerian Tertiary Institutions Essay Aptitude and Nigerian Tertiary Institutions Essay The arrangement of declaration 47 of eighth October, 1971 engage the mechanical preparing store (ITF), a human asset advancement association to advance and empower the securing of aptitudes and business with a view producing the pool of indigenous prepared labor adequate to address the issue of Nigerian economy. To set and control standard of greatness and adequacy in and offer direct preparing of experts, specialists, technologists and business people to meet human asset requirement for industrialization and maintainable financial advancement of Nigerian depending on a corp of exceptionally energetic and skilled expert staffs utilizing best of breed preparing procedures and present day innovation. Taking into account this, ITF set up SIWES in 1973 to take care of the issues of absence of satisfactory pragmatic abilities preliminary for work in enterprises by Nigerian alumni of tertiary foundations. The aptitudes opens understudies to industry based abilities fundamental for smooth progress from the study hall to the universe of work. It offers understudies of tertiary foundations the chance of being uncovered acquainted and presented to the required involvement with the ongoing activity requests. 1. 1 SIWES BY DEFINITION The understudies mechanical work experience scheme(SIWES) is an ability securing preparing program that structures some portion of the base scholarly prerequisite norms in different degree projects of the Nigerian tertiary organizations, it causes understudies to put what they have realized hypothetically into in class into training in the genuine issue world. . 2 AIMS OF SIWES The SIWES conspire is planned for presenting understudies to genuine workplace, empowering them to try what they have realized in class, causing them to comprehend the specialized ramifications of their calling just as showing them skill, standard and polished methodology. 1. 3 OBJECTIVES OF SIWES The primary destinations of SIWES are to: * Prepare understudies for the work circumstance they are probably going to meet after graduation. * Crave route for understudies of Nigerian tertiary foundations to cquire mechanical aptitudes and involvement with the course of study. * Expose understudies to industry based aptitudes essential for a smooth progress from the homeroom to the universe of work. * Boost understudies certainty and give them the experience on the most proficient method to relate with various class of individuals and settle on choice in a genuine workplace. * Strengthens the whole instructive procedure of planning alumni of Nigerian tertiary organizations f or work in enterprises.

Structural Racism and Myocardial Infarction †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Examine about the Structural Racism and Myocardial Infarction. Answer: Presentation: This exposition examines the effect of the decent variety in social work and how the social work specialists face these issues of prejudice and ethnicity while playing out their occupations. Decent variety has become a key element of the general public independent of created or immature nations. Social laborers now a days are finding various issues while working with their customers. This is on the grounds that in their activities they go over different individuals with various foundations just as culture. For adequately working with these gatherings or networks, the social specialists need to have appropriate comprehension of the importance of various ethnicity and social elements (Cnx.org 2018). This is because of the way that these racial and ethnic issues have more prominent effect on the recognitions, conduct and reaction to intercessions. Suitable information about these elements is essential for seeing thus basic for the important practices. In any case, information and compre hension are the sole truth to set up social work connections. The information on ethnicity and bigotry must be upheld by the affectability of the specialist towards various culture and foundation. There ought to be a wide reasonable model suitable for working with different ethnic culture just as convention of customer. As per talking about explicit gatherings, the experts ought to appropriately apply prejudice generally (Piquero et al.2015). The social work professionals work with families, people, gatherings and networks for presenting with lawful arrangements, medicinal services and different offices. Through legitimate depiction of the prerequisites and portrayal of particulate ethnic qualities, empower the professionals to see the issues from their own points of view just as of others. In this manner, this assistance on making more noteworthy and better consciousness of the assorted variety in the general public, their issues, helping procedure and degrees for improvement. This paper talks about different speculations and models related with the idea of bigotry and ethnicity present in the general public and how these make issues for coming to just as serving the individuals by the social work professionals. The exposition examines how these professionals face issues of prejudice while conveying or supporting the people, gatherings, families and networks. It investigations the social and ethnic issues developing in the social administrations, human services divisions and social government assistance arrangements. The issues of race and ethnicity can be analyzed through three boss sociological hypotheses functionalism, Marxist points of view, representative interactionism and basic hypothesis. These hypotheses are competent to clarify the issues of bigotry, partiality, separation just as generalizations. In this view, racial and ethnic dissimilarities more likely than not served a significant capacity for existing as long as they have. Be that as it may, this belief system is tricky as the greater part of the researcher see bigotry and ethnic decent variety as the main driver of segregation which can't contribute decidedly to the government assistance of the general public (Piquero et al.2015). Numerous sociologists, follow with this view as they discover capacities and dysfunctions began by the racial imbalance. The contend that prejudice and segregation have positive effects yet these just give advantage to the prevailing network. Truly, this helped the predominant gatherings to work and keep up hole between the high and low class by supporting and engaging oppression the subordinate gatherings (Cnx.org 2018). For example, subjection is constantly helpful for the slave holders. Through this hypothesis one can consider the strategy utilized by the slaveholders to legitimize subjecti on. They used to recommend that the dark individuals were fundamentally mediocre compared to whites thus favored bondage to opportunity. The supporters of functionalism, legitimize the separation and prejudice as these can contribute emphatically to appropriate working of the general public. These ideas fortify bonds among the in-bunch individuals by excluding the out gathering individuals (Alexandra et al. 2013). Hence the network can expand singularity however diminishing the license for access of the untouchables. Despite what might be expected, the brokenness associated with keep up racial obstruction incorporates inability to use the gifts controlled by the enslaved network. Without exploiting the abilities, the general public invest energy, exertion and assets to keep up division and imbalance between the special and unprivileged class (Mathews 2017). Marxist points of view: As per the progressive hypothesis of Marxism, there is a muddled association between the private enterprise and bigotry. Private enterprise to a great extent relies upon the idea of prejudice in light of the fact that both are the wellspring of profiteering and essentially utilized for the making division to run the show. Bigotry apparently is a power for driving a wedge between the laborers who share everything for all intents and purpose, each cause to partner and join (Murji and Solomos 2015). In such case, these laborers can be interminably separated through this prejudice angle advertisement serve the upside of the decision class. For the Marxists, assorted variety awareness in things of bigotry, can be potential to make division among a multi-ethnic, multi-racial yet a bound together common laborers. The idea of new prejudice was proposed by the neo-Marxists who focussed on the social contrasts to be the explanation of bigotry as opposed to the natural beginning. The idea of prejudice at first created to give support and clarification of the act of subjugation of the Africans. It is because of truth that they were acknowledged as not exactly human consequently denied to opportunity or freedom and any sort of rights (Alexandra et al. 2013). As the hypothesis of Marxism uncovers, the whole idea and activity of private enterprise depends on abuse of the numerous by the couple of. Free enterprise is a framework which continues relying upon net disparity. Thus the exploiters need different instruments to make and keep up this division among the average workers dominant part. Among these instruments, bigotry serves the best for carrying on persecution. It additionally follows the Weberian hypothesis where class, force and status serve to be fundamental elements for keeping up the class contrast. It is utilized to legitimize just as clarify the inconsistent dissemination of wellbeing in the general public where the minorities get advanced with the work of the larger part common laborers individuals (Murji and Solomos 2015). Be that as it may, the broad usage of bigotry didn't just make way for misuse of the slaves, it was extended among the English and Irish assembly line laborers regarding against settler thoughts. Emblematic interactionism: This specific hypothesis is one of the most praised commitments to the sociological point of view of bigotry. For the emblematic interactionists, ethnicity and race give valiant images as the wellsprings of personality. As indicated by the interactionists, all the images of race in the collaborations of individuals lead to bigotry (Stolcke 2013). As proposed by the most famous interactionist Herbert Blumer, the idea of bigotry starts just as gets ubiquity through the associations among the gathering individuals from the predominant gathering without which others would not hold supremacist sees (Liu and Pompper 2012). These collaborations don't contain any positive connection about the subordinate gathering individuals yet add to an alternate dynamic image of that subordinate gathering. It permits other predominant areas to keep on supporting this diminished perspectives about the subordinates along these lines keep up a business as usual. The adequacy of internationalism is so quick and profound that an individual can without much of a stretch hold an idea around one specific gathering through the connections in mainstream media. This conviction depends on the pictures passed on by the collaboration and the individual obviously accept that common thought regarding that specific gathering to be genuine in light of the fact that the individual has never by and by met or communicated with any individual from that gathering (Robinson-Wood 2016). The idea of prejudice can likewise be characterized as a helpful instrument for acknowledging how race can shape the social connection (Lipman 2015). Representative internationalism characterizing prejudice is a point of view through which individuals characterize one specific race and ethnicity. Notwithstanding, in the majority of the cases, these collaborations bear negative undertone around one specific gathering which the general public needs to command. The issue in representative internationalism lies in the way that individuals lose the limit of self-scripting outside the conditions chose by the prevailing network. Thus, the ability to content different varieties of observation about self, misfortune their way and get kept to the region set by the higher social request (Robinson-Wood 2016). This is simply the explanation the personality gets enraptured by the social connections and the distinction develops with time. This hypothesis was risen up out of the idea of imbalance and the battle followed by it. It developed in the post-present day time span. This hypothesis is applied in the imbalances coming about because of character distinction from the point of view sexual orientation, instruction, social class, ethnicity, composition, beginning and race. As began from the social and racial contrasts, the battle cleared way for the consistent clash between the white decision class and the dark racial minorities (Spencer 2014). The main explanation of such clash was that the decision class continually apparent danger from the minorities and attempted to supress them at any expense. In the late nineteenth century, the common war brought about the ascending of the blacks social and political force which was later checked by contrast sorts of laws by the whites. The celebrated women's activist humanist Patricia Collins built up another part of this basic hypothesis which is called crossing point hypothesis (Sturgeon 2016). During the time spent getting race or ethnicity, the bit of leeway and burden are to be talked about yet before passing judgment on its effect on the general public it is crucial to a

The Music Concert Drumming, Taxidermy, Six Marimbas - 825 Words

The Music Concert: Drumming, Taxidermy, Six Marimbas (Essay Sample) Content: Music Concert: Drumming, Taxidermy, Six MarimbasName:Instructor:Date:Music Concert: Drumming, Taxidermy, Six MarimbasA three-part concert takes long, and one needs the psychological preparation to remain patient. Most people may not be able and willing to sit for all the hours that such concerts will take. I had prepared early for the event that was to being at 3 pm in Lippes Hall. As approximated, it old be a thrilling three-hour event bisected by a ten minutes break after the second category of songs. I had to ensure my studies and homework was done earlier so that in the event the concert ended late; I would not be in a time management crisis. By midday, I had toured the Concert Hall and found the arrangement complete. I wanted to find out the most strategic place to sit during the event. It was apparent that the middle row was the most likely. Any position in the middle was okay, because of the staircase arrangement of the seats in the hall. I waited, then, until some minutes to the event and secured myself a place as I needed.It appeared to me that most of the students were not interested in the event. A good number cited unfamiliarity with the artist and the songs. However, the hall was more than three-quarter full with dull faces. As I interacted with most attendants just before the event started, they were only interested in the first part of the playlist. Drumming as most people cited was the most exciting part they came for. And true to their words, the concert was worth leaving. Hell broke loose.As the particular artist came, he realized that one of his instruments were not functional. The piano had developed a technical problem and rectifying would take the whole day. Another had to be sought from a different hall. At such a moment, one concludes that the organization of the artist was reduced. Since the event was free, most people do not have a tying obligation to stay. Some started walking until the director had to plead with the audience to remain calm as the problem was already sorted. All was not well with the artist, as he began his entertainment activity. In the middle of his entertainment, he got confused on how to change the pitch of the piano. The model was new to him, and he used the general knowledge of pianos thinking it would be easy with this type too. It was evident he would not perform well. The audience sat, disgusted but feeling sympathetic at the same time. Nobody would help the artist as he went through in all the troubles.With these problems, the audience was not engaged in any dance or movements. It is until towards the end of the drumming performance that the people started gaining some sense of the event. A few body movements and claps encouraged the artist. Once he was through, they apologized for the mishaps but promised to rectify the problems. As they stated, he was left with only one option, to perfume the last item on the list. The second one was bypassed because of the piano tec hniques. The Six Marimbas was the only alternative left for them. As each artist took their position in different instruments, they looked joyous and made the onlookers gather some confidence in them (Reich Hillier, 2002). One wonders how events turned to be interesting with the people finding it necessary to start dancing. The difference in this to the others is the organization that the six different pianos are set. The settings are already loaded into the piano system to make them play smoothly (Reich Hillier, 2002).The sounds coming out was well am...

Essay Law and Health Care System Administration - 1022 Words

Law and Health Care System Administration Jacquelyn Hawkins-Phillips Dr. Juanika Mainor Harper Health Care Policy, Law and Ethics Fall 2011 October 28, 2012 Justify your position about the importance of the physician-patient and hospital-patient relationships The doctor–patient relationship has been and remains a keystone of care: the medium in which data are gathered, diagnoses and plans are made, compliance is accomplished, and healing, patient activation, and support are provided. To managed care organizations, its importance rests also on market savvy: satisfaction with the doctor–patient relationship is a critical factor in peoples decisions to join and stay with a specific organizationA patient must have confidence in the†¦show more content†¦These may provide psychological support for the patient, but in some cases it may compromise the doctor-patient confidentiality and inhibit the patient from disclosing uncomfortable or intimate subjects. Determine how contract principle and breach of warranty apply to the health care setting. A relatively new form of contract that has received increasing attention, particularly in the pain medicine community, is known as an â€Å"opioid contract.†With the increased emphasis upon the importance of effective assessment and management of pain to quality patient care, and the growing acceptance of the need that some patients with moderate to severe chronic pain (of both malignant and nonmalignant origins) have for opioid analgesics, the opioid contract has been touted as a means of carefully circumscribing the parameters Within which opioid therapy will be provided.7 such contracts have not meet with universal acceptance (Lipkin 2012).. 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Euthanasi A Moral Dilemma - 1190 Words

Shubhpreet Janda Prof. Anthony Fraser English Comp 1 May 5, 2015 Euthanasia: A Moral Dilemma In a brightly-lit, cold white room, Dr. Jesse is discussing the extent of the life-threatening disease that a patient, Mark, has. Mark has a chance of survival, but only for about two torturous months where he will have to separate himself from his normal life and engage in chemotherapy every day. When first hearing about his situation, Mark immediately decides that plowing through two painful months is not worth his time or effort, and he wishes to end his life on a positive note without wearing down his body since he will have to depart sooner or later anyways. Now when confronted with Mark’s decision, Dr. Jesse freezes and rationalizes with his beliefs to try and figure out the morally correct resolution to this problem. Like Mark, many other ill patients ask for life termination to relieve themselves from suffering and many other doctors, like Dr. Jesse, are also placed in this position where they must choose to either follow the patients’ requests, or to try an d keep the patient living despite their wishes. Who has the power to make this decision about ending a patient’s life, and to what extent? A terminally ill patient has the right to request the act of euthanasia as long as he or she is deemed as consciously aware. According to the online Princeton Wordnetweb dictionary, consciousness is â€Å"an alert cognitive state in which you are aware of yourself and your situation†

What Is the Significance of Jem in the Novel To Kill a Mockingbird free essay sample

What is the Significance of Jem in the novel â€Å"To Kill A Mockingbird†? To Kill A Mockingbird, written in 1958-1960 by Harper Lee explores the irrationality of attitudes to race and class in the ‘Deep South’ in 1930s America. This bildungsroman presents in a stark reality the challenges facing civil rights activists, as Harper Lee sets out to bring racism and the fight against it clearly to the reality of a modern readership. Jem, the son of the lawyer Atticus Finch is caught up in this world of racist thoughts, words and actions fuelled by the Great Depression. Racism and injustice towards black Americans is synonymous with the Southern States of America in the 1930s; an example of this being the 1932 Scottsborough Trial in Alabama where this novel is set; in which 3 men were accused and found guilty of raping two white women, without any clear evidence to suggest such actions took place. They were later acquitted however, Harper Lee uses this novel and indeed Jem to provide an insightful commentary into the unjust, undeserved, and scathing opinions that the white town folk of Maycombe, a small town in South Alabama, readily acted upon. Jem is used by Harper Lee as an embodiment of innocence and at the same time as a narrative vehicle to highlight childish irrationalities; and how the racist views so common in the Southern States, and especially in places such as Maycombe, are little more than the irrational prejudices that Jem possesses. Atticus has raised Jem to be the way he is; moral, socially conscientious, and intellectually free as seen on page 308, â€Å"You never really know a man until you stand in his shoes and walk around in them† . The novel represents Jem’s journey of realisation that his childish prejudices aren’t built on anything substantial rather they are simply an extension of what he has heard and see people say and do. Harper Lee seems to draw parallels between Jem’s prejudices and the virtually childish and ill-considered racist views of Maycombe’s townsfolk. At the beginning of the novel, Jem exhibits a clear air of naivety. He along with Scout and Dill observe Boo Radley with caution, playing games, taunting him, observing him as if he were some strange creature, however, as time continues Jem begins to realise the true nature of Boo Radley, at least in part. When he is given back his trousers, this kind gesture moves Jem to tears. Throughout the novel Jem also acts a teacher to Scout, he acts as a sort of hero to her, and much of what she learns is directly influenced by him, however, it seems that perhaps as Scout is younger she has this revelation about the true nature of good in people before Jem. Scout realises that Boo was in fact a good man at the end of the novel, however, Jem is left unconscious, perhaps reflecting that the future of civil rights in America is still far from certain. Another incident in which Jem reacts to racism is in Chapter 11 where Mrs Dubose tells Jem and Scout that Atticus is not any better than the â€Å"niggers and trash he works for†, at this point Jem loses his temper and destroys all of Mrs Dubose’s camelia bushes. Here we see that Jem has a fierce sense of loyalty to his father and at the same time wants to confront any racist action full on, however, at times we see his inner struggle more clearly, depicting the civil rights struggle across America. On page 272 Jem suddenly becomes furious at any mention of the trial, â€Å"I never wanta hear about that courthouse again, ever, ever, you understand me? † Here it seems that Jem has lost faith in humanity, and is clearly distressed at what has occurred. It seems that Atticus’ influence on him has made him into a person who will fight for what he believes in, and is distraught when justice fails to prevail. Even before the end of the novel, Jem shows signs of having learned a positive lesson from the trial; for instance, at the beginning of Chapter 25 he refuses to let Scout squash a bug because it has done nothing to harm her, â€Å"Don’t do that Scout. Set him out on the back steps†. After seeing the unfair destruction of Tom Robinson, Jem now wants to protect the fragile and harmless. The end of the novel brings the reader back to the start and gets us to examine the journey that Jem has undertaken. At the beginning of the novel we are told about all of Jem’s prejudices towards people such as Boo Radley yet by the end his views have changed completely with Scout saying, â€Å"Atticus he was real nice † This change in attitude amongst the children demonstrates that prejudices can be turned on their head, and Harper Lee uses Jem as a character of hope to emphasise that although at present (in the 1960s) we might not be quite ready for the Civil Rights Movement to take over we will be. She highlights the fact that if a mere child can undergo this transformation so can America. In conclusion, Jem Scout’s brother and constant playmate at the beginning of the novel, is something of a typical American boy; refusing to back down from dares and full of confidence. He is four years older than Scout, and throughout the novel he gradually separates himself from her games, but he remains her close companion and protector throughout. Jem moves into adolescence during the novel, and his youthful innocence is shaken badly by the evil and injustice he perceives during the trial of Tom Robinson. However, Jem unlike the jaded Mr Raymond is not without hope. By the end of the novel, his childish prejudices are just a mere memory of his former self, the progression of which embodies the very journey of the civil rights movement in America in the decades before and after this book was published, the very journey which Harper Lee so attentively captures throughout her novel, To Kill A Mockingbird.

Questions on Physics free essay sample

What happens to the strength of an electric field when the charge on the test charge is halved? 6. What happens to the electric potential energy of a charged particle in an electric field when the particle is released and free to move? 7. A test charge experiences a force on . 30N on it when it is placed in an electric field intensity of 4. 5 x 10? N/C. What is the magnitude of the charge? Q= 6. 7 x 10-7C 8. What is the electric field strength 20. 0 cm from a point charge of 8. 0 x 10 C? E=1. 8X105 N/C 9. How much work is done to transfer 0. 15C of charge through an electric potential difference of 9. V? W=1. 35J 10. A voltmeter measures the electric potential difference between two parallel plates to be 60. 0 V when the plates are separated by 3. 0 cm. What is the electric field strength between the plates? 11. Describe two ways to increase the current in a circuit. We will write a custom essay sample on Questions on Physics or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 12. Sue finds a device that look like a resistor. When she connects it to a 1. 5V battery, she measures only 45 x 10 A, but when she uses a 3. 0 V battery, she measures 25 x 10 A. Does the device obey Ohm’s law? NO 13. Refer to the diagram below to answer the following questions. a. What should the ammeter reading be? 1. 5 A b. What should the voltmeter reading be? 27V c. How much power is delivered to the resistor? 40. 5 W d. How much energy is delivered to the resistor per hour? 1. 46105 J/hr. 14. For each of the following write the form of circuit that applies: series or parallel. e. The current is the same everywhere throughout the entire circuit. f. The total resistance is equal to the sum of the individual resistance. g. The voltage drop across each resistor in the circuit is the same. h. The voltage drop in the circuit is proportional to the resistance. i. Adding a resistor to the circuit decreases the total resistance. j. The voltage drop to the circuit increases the total resistance. k. If the current through one resistor in the circuit goes to zero, there is no current in the entire circuit. l. If the current through one resistor in the current goes to zero, the current through all the other resistors remains the same. m. This form is suitable for house wiring. 15. The load across a battery consists of two resistors with values of 15 ohms and 47 ohms, connected in series. n. What is the total resistance of the load? 62? o. What is the voltage of the battery if the current in the circuit is 97mA? 6. 0V 16. A 16. 0 ohm and a 20. ohm resistor are connected in parallel. A difference in potential of 40. 0 V is applied to the combination. p. Compute the equivalent resistance of the parallel circuit. 8. 9? q. What is the total current in the circuit? 4. 5V r. What is the current in the 16. 0ohm resistor? 2. 5 A 17. Describe how a permanent magnet differs from a temporary magnet. 18. A wire that is 0. 50m a nd carrying a current of 8. 0A is at a right angle to a uniform magnetic field. The force on the wire is . 40N. What is the strength of the magnetic field? B=0. 1 T 19. A beam of electrons moves at right angles to a magnetic field of 6. x 10 T. The electrons have a velocity of 2. 5 x 10? m/s. What is the magnitude of the force on each electron? F=2. 410-14 N 20. An electric wire inside the wall of a building carries a dc current of 25 A vertically upward. What is the magnetic field due to this current at a point10 cm due north of the wire? B=5. 0x10-5T 21. Describe interference. Is interference a property of only some types of waves or all types of waves? 22. What happens to a spring at the nodes of standing waves? 23. Water waves in a lake travel 3. 4m in 1. 8s. The period of oscillation in 1. 1s. s. What is the speed of the water waves? 1. 9m/s t. What is their wavelength? 2. 1m 24. The frequency of yellow lights is 5. 1 x 10 Hz. Find the wavelength of yellow light. The speed of light is 3. 0 x 10? m/s. 5. 910-7 m 25. If the pitch of sound is increases, what are the changes in the following? u. the frequency v. the wavelength w. the wave velocity x. the amplitude of the wave 26. The sound from a trumpet travels at 351m/s in air. If the frequency of the note is 298Hz, what is the wavelength of the sound wave? 1. 18m 27. A ray of light strikes a mirror at an angle of 38Â ° to the normal. What is the angle that the reflected angle makes with the normal? 38o 28. A ray of light incident upon a mirror makes an angle of 36Â ° with the mirror. What is the angle between the incident ray and the reflected ray? 108o 29. An object is placed 15 cm from a converging lens with a focal length of 10 cm. Determine the image location. Draw the ray diagram for this situation and describe the image. d i = 30. 0 cm 30. An object is 36. 0 cm in front of a concave mirror with a 16. 0 cm focal length. Determine the image position. Draw the ray diagram for this situation and describe the image d i = 28. 8cm

Investing The Customer Service On The Taj Hotel Tourism Essay Example

Investing The Customer Service On The Taj Hotel Tourism Essay Example Investing The Customer Service On The Taj Hotel Tourism Essay Investing The Customer Service On The Taj Hotel Tourism Essay The thought behind the survey of this research proposal is to cognize the which, what and how to supply the good quality client services in the TAJ Hotel. In the current computational market there are many organisational groups starts its luxury hotels and made a different schemes to offer a luxury services to the client in the Indian hotel industry. But how to take attention of large trade name name of the TAJ Hotel in the first place to carry through the chief purpose of the client. The Indian Hotels Company Limited ( IHCL ) and its subordinates are jointly known as Taj Hotels Resorts and Palaces and it is an 1 of Asia s biggest and older hotel group. It s controlled by the laminitis of the Tata Group, Mr. Jamsetji N. Tata, the company opened its first hotel, The Taj Mahal Palace Hotel, Mumbai in 1903. The Taj, a symbol of Indian cordial reception, completed its centennial twelvemonth in 2003. The footing at the dorsum of this large trade name name the Taj hotels offers the luxury of service, the zenith of Indian cordial reception, vantage locations, modern installations and concern comfortss. 3. Organizational Background: The first hotel established in 1903 to 2010 the Taj Hotels Resort and Palaces has a more than 60 hotels in 45 locations in all over India plus 15 international hotels in the UK, USA, Malaysia, Bhutan, Sri Lanka, Africa, the Middle East, Australia and assorted Asia-Pacific Islands. Crossing the length and comprehensiveness of the state, decorating of import industrial towns and metropoliss, beaches, hill Stationss, historical and pilgrim centres and wildlife finishs, each and every Taj hotel offers the amenitiess to luxury, traditional to modern services. TAJ Hotels tally in the luxury, premium, mid-market and value sections of the market through the below classs: TheTAJ ( Luxury full-service hotels, resorts and castles ) is a rich trade name for the universe s most discerning tourer in hunt of echt experiences given that luxury is a manner of life to which they are familiarized. And it s a category of the modern concern hotels, idyllic beach resorts, heritage castles and safari Lodges. Taj Exotica is include in resort and spa class and found in the most alien and restful venues of the universe. Its provide the services in footings of the privateness and familiarity to client. Taj Safari is operate in Jungle and Desert and its provide the invitees with the ultimate, wild life experience based on a proven sustainable ecotourism theoretical account. Taj Modern supply a new coevals of travellers a modern and originative welcome experience that matches their work-hard, play-hard life styles. Stylish insides, advanced culinary art, hip bars, and a focal point on engineering set. The Gateway Hotel ( upscale/mid-market full service hotels and resorts ) is included in the medium budgets clients class. 4. Rationale: To make the concern or work in Hotel Industry in future I forced to analyse on the assorted facets on the Hotel concern. To believe to see to spread outing the my household s little local concern of hotel, I try to acquire the proper cognition about assorted concern schemes through the research of this organisation. Besides, I was taken preparation in TAJ Hotel in my unmarried man grade s preparation period I looked what and how to supply the scope of quality client services and what and how to impact the different internal and external concern factors to pull a client. So, I attracted to choose this organisation for concern research and my future position. 5. Research Aims: The cardinal research end behind this work is to place and analyse the consequence of client to supply a alone quality service and to maintain the client in competitory environment. Besides what schemes and be aftering are required to pull a client and what possibility to maintain the client life-time. 6. Research Question: During this research by utilizing the different informations analyzed method to bring forth a subsequent inquiry: What and Which scope of quality services offering based on season and topographic point? How to place the different demands of the client and how to carry through them? What factors are affected to supplying the good excellence services? What are the new selling attacks in hotel industry? How to spread out the concern in competitory environment? How to maintain the TAJ a large trade name name in Hotel Industry? 7. Literature Reappraisal: Marketing Concept: Taj is functioning the clients to its best in the construct of the accomplishment of corporate end through meeting and put to deathing client demands better than the competition. ( Jobber et al. , 2006, p.3 ) TAj Hotel create a different selling constructs to pull clients otherwise the rivals will non go forth a individual opportunity to catch market portion. For Example- TAJ Starts a Taj Air, a luxury private jet operation and Taj Yachts, two 3-bedroom luxury yachts which can be used by invitees or man of affairs in Mumbai and Kochi, in Kerala ( India ) . Different Customer Services: TAJ divides its hotel in the construct of a different scope of clients service as mentioned above.Also use the basic selling construct of Product, Place and Time, Price, Process, People. Merchandise TAJ Hotel offer a excellence service like luxury suits, Traditional to modern interior based room and eating house, watering place, fittingness centre and good technological substructure of concern Centre. Heritage Flying Suites: These suites are renowned for their architecture and built an old-world architecture. Besides Guests can take a what types of have a pick of suites that overlook the metropolis or pool or face the Gateway of India and the Arabian Sea. Promotion TAJ on a regular basis comes with its advanced thought of to up with offers during season and off-season such as TAJ Holiday summer and monsoon bundles in its hotels. They besides announced or inform to client for its approaching events or exhibition by monthly calendar clip. Monetary value TAJ besides divides its hotel and services in monetary value based like up-class/upscale services and economic/medium category services. But its provides a good quality based services that spend by cusomer. Besides, its give a price reduction or assorted club point or shopping verifier to its regular client. Procedure Taj has a ain alone client relationship Management ( CRM ) system that s maintain a records of all client and its demands. Peoples TAJ has a 24000 employees fulfilled the purpose of the hotel of zenith of Indian Hospitality. Besides Taj has a assorted professional squad like Professional individual, Personal Agents, Technological individual, Travele agents for presenting the best services. PEST Analysis of TAJ Hotel: Political Factor: TAJ Hotels running on domestic every bit good as different 12 states, So its faced a many political issue to spread out and run its concern. Different states authoritiess has a different policy and jurisprudence about hotel industry. TAJ MAHEL Hotel Mumbai faced a terrorist onslaught in September 2008 and so generates a assorted security issue respects to the Hotel. Economic Factor: There are many Ecomomic factors affect the company s net income and enlargement program in international market like states economical state of affairs, revenue enhancement rate, rising prices rate, trade policy etc. In 2008, the period of recession or universe s economic crises TAJ Hotel Share prise about 50 % autumn down but the strong cardinal finance base, experience an large trade name name TAJ Hotel easy come out. Technological Factor: TAJ Hotels is a portion of the TATA Groups, whose are celebrated in advanced and progress in technology.TAJ Hotels provides a service of high-velocity wi-fi cyberspace and assorted progress IT installation to its client for its concern position. Besides, TAJ Hotels maintain a relation with its ain CRM Software. Social Factor: The TAJ Hotels concern tally on many different state and each have a ain civilization and tradition but TAJ Hotel adjust in all civilization and supplying a good traditional every bit good as modern manner of client services. Besides, TAJ Hotels prefers to enroll a local people and to care of local society or community, instruction, civilization development. Besides, set up a local traditional event in its hotel to back up the local humanistic disciplines to carry through its corporate-social duty. Environmental Factor: The TAJ Hotel running a Earth ( Environmental Awareness and Renewal TAJ Hotels ) plans since 2004.The Hotels besides tried to used the eco-friendly and recycling merchandise in its all Hotels. Besides its held a many environmental programmed for consciousness of planetary heating and environment change.TAJ besides received enfranchisement from Green Globe, the lone worldwide environmental enfranchisement plan for travel and touristry. 8. Research Methodology: In Research Methodology is to cognize the what schemes and planning are needed to take of research. The chief connotation behind the fact-finding research is what and how to supply the different unique qualities services so the rivals by TAJ Hotels. Qualitative research is an probe in which the research worker efforts to understand some larger world by insulating and mensurating constituents of that world within their contextual scene ( Gummesson, 2000, p 64 ) . In this Research the aggregation done by usage of the different informations aggregation technique and besides puting the how to roll up a broad scope of informations for the demands of this research. In this investigation of research, there are assorted informations aggregation techniques like questionnaires, studies. 9. Data Collective Method: The position of the research, quantitative and qualitative informations analysis technique are needed but in this research concentrating on qualitative research method. The primary and secondary both types of informations are required. Primary Data aggregation Method: The consequence of any research is depend on how and what schemes and planning are make for research of instance. The informations can be gathered from the current selling technique used by TAJ Hotel. Besides the informations are collected from client feed-back from. The sentiment polls and studies from the clients can be used for the aggregation of informations for the peculiar research subject ( Bhattacharyya, 2009 ) . Questionnaire is besides one of the easy and efficaciously technique for the research worker. In this method straight inquiring the inquiry to client about your research. The chief benefit of questionnaire is to supply a Varity of information. Besides researcher inquiring the more than one inquiry to client and to garner a tonss of informations and after that analyzed informations and take those informations that are required. Interviewing: In this technique, to straight inquire the inquiry from faced-to-faced between clients and company staff. This information are really utile when generates a some job and issues or before launch a new merchandise. Secondary informations aggregation method: Secondary informations is a collected from inside or outside the company. The internal informations are gather from the mention books, diaries, cyberspace or publish research paper.The external informations are gathered from company s one-year studies or authorities public studies and these are numeral and statistics. 10. DATA Analysis: 11. TIME Scale Exercise June 16 July -16 Aug-6 Week WEEK 1 WEEK 2 WEEK 3 WEEK 4 WEEK 5 WEEK 6 WEEK 7 Choice of research proposal xA A A A A A Decision on subject rubric A Ten A A A A A Working on research background A A Ten A A A A Rationale A A Ten A A A A Execution on research aims A A A Ten A A A Formulation of research inquiries A A A Ten A A A Working on literature reappraisal A A A A Ten A A Knowing research methodological analysis A A A A A Ten A Clarifying informations aggregation method A A A A A Ten A Working on informations analysis A A A A A A Ten Clarification with the lector A A A A A A Ten Time spectrum A A A A A A A

All About Eve and the Roles that Women Play

All About Eve and the Roles that Women Play Joseph Mankiewicz’s All About Eve explores the inability of women to find fulfillment in the roles offered by the theater. For a â€Å"true star† like Margo or simply a â€Å"carbon copy† like Eve or Phoebe in the harsh world of the theater, Mankiewicz suggests that it is almost impossible for a woman to reach fulfillment. This dilemma is largely due to the transitory nature of success, and the possibility of another star constantly in the making. As a result, only the role of the self-effacing and docile female can succeed in the world of theater. Mankiewicz suggests that women can only find fulfillment in the role of a docile and humble housewife, while the men must be the breadwinners of the family. This is exemplified by Karen, the ideal female spouse whom supports her husband’s endeavors and does not cultivate a separate image apart from that of being his wife. Moreover, whilst Karen may be the â€Å"lowest form of celebrity†, she enjoys an ostentatious and lavish lifestyle, as indicated by her array of magnificent costumes throughout the film. Unlike Margo, Karen yields no anxieties nor any â€Å"paranoiac insecurities†, but rather displays undying devotion to both her friend and husband, and is thus praised by Lloyd as his â€Å"loyal little woman†. Not only does this reflect the paternalistic values eminent in society in the 1950s, but is also an endorsement, on behalf of Mankiewicz, for those female characters who accept their subservient roles. It is through Karen that Margo realizes her desire to play the role of a humble housewife is greater than that of a professional woman. Such two roles are constantly conflicting in Margo’s life, and are the primary cause of her deep rooted anxieties. Whilst seemingly at the height of fame and power, she expresses her discomfort in the incongruity of playing women who are half her age when revealing to Lloyd that she has reached the big â€Å"four-oh,† at Bill’s birthday party. Moreover, as Margo wearingly sits by the piano brooding, requesting for Liebestraum to be played on repeat, close ups of her face reveal her fear of becoming an ageing actress capable of being marginalized by a younger and attractive understudy. Ultimately, and despite her numerous accolades, Margo finds her professional career to be unfulfilling, as she reveals to Karen with an air of resignation that â€Å"nothing is good unless you can look up just before dinner†¦and there he is.â €  To reinforce his ideal that women must sacrifice their professional careers for a happy domestic life, Mankiewicz juxtaposes Margo’s anxieties with her genuine happiness when casting Bill adoring looks in the Cub Room, the night before their marriage. The role of the â€Å"carbon copy† as played by both Eve and Phoebe, reveal both the exclusivity of the theater and the transitory nature of success. Eve’s introduces herself to Margo through playing the role of the wounded war widow, literally climbing the theater’s stairs in an attempt to reach the top of the professional ladder. At the height of her deceptive powers, she begins by makes herself indispensable to Margo, adopting the roles of her â€Å"sister, lawyer, mother, friend, psychiatrist and cop† in an attempt to ingratiate herself to her, and ends by blackmailing Karen in the ladies’ room to obtain the role of Cora in Lloyd’s play. However, when accepting the Sarah Siddons Award, close ups of Eve’s expressions reveal her disappointment at Margo and Karen refusing to congratulate her, Margo instead prodding her with the trophy, murmuring, â€Å"Go put that where your heart ought to be.† Furthermore, Mankiewicz’s introduction of Phoebe through the reflection of Eve’s mirror, suggests to the audience that there will always be an infinite reflection of â€Å"carbon cop[ies]† willing to do â€Å"all that, just for a part in a play†. Therefore, in the viperous and competitive world of theater, Mankiewicz infers that success is transitory, and that the demise of one star will lead to the birth of another. Therefore, despite being at the height of their fame and success, both Eve and Margo suffer in the professional world of the theater. This is a result of the infinite role of the â€Å"carbon copy† which leads to their demise, and therefore revealing the transient nature of success. It is only Karen, who vicariously lives through her husband and accepts her subservient role as a docile housewife, who is content with the role that she plays.

Korean history (Old Joseon to the Joseon dynasty) Essay

Korean history (Old Joseon to the Joseon dynasty) - Essay Example The religious factor played a fundamental role in the unification and the cohesion of the Korean society during the Old Joseon to the Joseon Dynasty. The adoption and subsequent internalization of the Confucian religious and social doctrines served as a major milestone in the unification of the Korean society during the Joseon reign. This is because, the Confucian religious doctrine was redefined after it was adapted in Korea, to entail five very basic principles that henceforth served to ensure that the Korean society remained in cohesion, regardless of the age or the social class that individuals belonged (Kim & Park, 23). To achieve the stabilization of the Korean society back then, the Confucian ideals were pitched on the principle relationships of husband and wife as the basic relationship within a family that sought to keep the family unit bonded together, such that external influences and invasion or any other form of external infiltration could not enter and divide the society. Secondly, the Confucian religious doctrine established the principle relationship as that of the young to old, where the young people were supposed to respect the elders and tore the line of the cultural and social principles that were represented by the elders in the Korean society (Kim & Park, 36). This way, it became possible to establish a respectable society that ensured that the even where any form of dissent would emerge between the young generation and the older generation in terms of the administration of the society, there were already predetermined avenues that prevented such dissent from simmering into rebellious levels that could destabilize the society (Kim & Park, 29). This way, the Confucian religious doctrine ensured that the society remained united, and the dissents that emerged were handled through the rightful channels. Additionally, the Confucian religious

Research Paper - Real Estate Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

- Real Estate - Research Paper Example The type of information to be considered includes location, medium of transport, etc. Sources of risks include radon emissions, surface water, soil, and air. The perception of risk is affected by five critical cycles. The health risk cycle involves publication of the initial study which links specific environmental contaminants with a given health effect. The remediation cycle involves seeking information on how to remediate or reduce the risk. Thirdly, public relations cycle involves publishing the risk effects in popular press. The regulatory stage involves lawmakers and regulators responding to public concerns about the environmental risks. Lastly, the lending cycle ends with the lending community reacting to the environmental risk. Environmental assessment has also been enhanced since 1986. Lenders can gather information about environmental conditions that may affect mortgage loan security. Inclusion of property in federal superfund regulations impacts on the value of property. S ignificant market stigma may be caused by such regulations. Contamination such as contaminated aquifer may affect current use by limiting the best and highest use of the property. Contamination also affects the surrounding uses e.g. property close to a landfill may be affected by landfill risk. In the real world, environmental conservationists and governments use the information to locate potential environmental hazards such as landfills near properties of low value. The responsible regulators and government institutions also use the impacts to create an enabling environment where the best and highest current uses of land can be achieved by minimizing

weed Essay -- essays research papers fc

There is a large drug problem facing the United States today, and this problem extends to all citizens. It’s not just the poor and the uneducated who are effected by this problem. The most largely used illegal drug in the United States is Marijuana, and thus is the drug law enforcement and the media tends to target the most, costing the taxpayers lots and lots of money. I will show you that Marijuana is not as large and evil as it may appear, and that if legalized the economy would be strengthened and the efforts of law enforcement could be focused on more serious drugs. First off, to understand what we are dealing with I will give a brief explanation of what Marijuana is and what it’s uses are. Marijuana is classified as a hallucinogen and is a psychoactive drug. Its scientific name is Cannabis Sativa and it is found in the Indian hemp plant, of which there are three main types; Cannabis Sativa, Cannabis Indica, and Cannabis Rudderalis. Some of its nicknames and stree t names are pot, weed, green, herb, and sensi. The drugs use dates back in manuscripts back to 2700B.C. in China (Nadelmann). The drug was also cultivated by Jamestown settlers, 1611, who used the drug for its fibers to make rope and clothes. Marijuana is widely used, an estimated one out of every three people have used it, and among high school students 44% have experimented with it (Bowmen). Marijuana is almost always smoked to experience the effects, but eating it and brewing it into tea are common practice also. It can be smoked by rolling it into a paper (joint) or by placing it into a pipe (often called a bowl). Often times there is a mixture of marijuana with tobacco to create a pleasurable taste. When someone smokes marijuana for the first time they do not get high, it is usually the second or third time a user feels the effects. These include chronic laughter and heightened senses. Afterwards a dry mouth and hunger, called the munchies, often follow. The ingredient in canna bis sativa that causes the mind altering effects is called THC (Tetrahydrocannabinol). Now that you know a little about the drug I will discuss its health effects. I am not saying that Marijuana is good for you, all I am saying is that comparable negative effects are present in many legalized drugs. Marijuana intoxicates a person in a way somewhat similar to alcohol. Reaction times are decreased and the person may a... ...vidence to warrant the serious consideration. Once lawmakers take off the blinders and actually see the issue as it is we will be in a much better situation. The best way to show them that is to show them how much more money they can get. Many angles can be taken to justify the legalization of marijuana, I feel the most effective is that of the economic analysis. There will be jobs created and a new booming industry with it. People need to put aside preconceived notions and take a fresh perspective, they will see what a great effect that the legalization of marijuana would have on the economy as well as other areas. Bibliography Ethan A. Nadelmann, American Heritage Magazine, Feb-Mar, 1993. Tom Bowmen, â€Å"Schmoke says debate on decriminalization of drugs is gaining momentum.†, The Sun Newspaper, 7-13, 1989. Joseph A. Califano, USA Today, version 125, Mar. 1997. American Journal of Nursing, Annual Report 1992. Martin Evans. â€Å"Schmoke urges NAACP to back decriminalization of drugs.†, The Sun, 1989. Christopher Brown, â€Å"Bring Drugs Within the Law.†, The Economist. Volume 13, 1993. Yahooka - The guide to marijuana on the internet, "http://www.yahooka.com". Word Count: 2056

Forward the Foundation Chapter 8

21 In two days Joranum had swept Trantor, partly by himself, mostly through his lieutenants. As Hari muttered to Dors, it was a campaign that had all the marks of military efficiency. â€Å"He was born to be a war admiral in the old days,† he said. â€Å"He's wasted on politics.† And Dors said, â€Å"Wasted? At this rate, he's going to make himself First Minister in a week and, if he wishes, Emperor in two weeks. There are reports that some of the military garrisons are cheering him.† Seldon shook his head. â€Å"It will collapse, Dors.† â€Å"What? Joranum's party or the Empire?† â€Å"Joranum's party. The story of the robot has created an instant stir, especially with the effective use of that flier, but a little thought, a little coolness, and the public will see it for the ridiculous accusation it is.† â€Å"But, Hari,† said Dors tightly, â€Å"you needn't pretend with me. It is not a ridiculous story. How could Joranum possibly have found out that Demerzel is a robot?† â€Å"Oh, that! Why, Raych told him so.† â€Å"Raych!† â€Å"That's right. He did his job perfectly and got back safely with the promise of being made Dahl's sector leader someday. Of course he was believed. I knew he would be.† â€Å"You mean you told Raych that Demerzel was a robot and had him pass on the news to Joranum?† Dors looked utterly horrified. â€Å"No, I couldn't do that. You know I couldn't tell Raych-or anyone-that Demerzel was a robot. I told Raych as firmly as I could that Demerzel was not a robot-and even that much was difficult. But I did ask him to tell Joranum that he was. He is under the firm impression that he lied to Joranum.† â€Å"But why, Hari? Why?† â€Å"It's not psychohistory, I'll tell you that. Don't you join the Emperor in thinking I'm a magician. I just wanted Joranum to believe that Demerzel was a robot. He's a Mycogenian by birth, so he was filled from youth with his culture's tales of robots. Therefore, he was predisposed to believe and he was convinced that the public would believe with him.† â€Å"Well, won't they?† â€Å"Not really. After the initial shock is over, they will realize that it's madcap fiction-or they will think so. I've persuaded Demerzel that he must give a talk on subetheric holovision to be broadcast to key portions of the Empire and to every sector on Trantor. He is to talk about everything but the robot issue. There are enough crises, we all know, to fill such a talk. People will listen and will hear nothing about robots. Then, at the end, he will be asked about the flier and he need not answer a word. He need only laugh.† â€Å"Laugh? I've never known Demerzel to laugh. He almost never smiles.† â€Å"This time, Dors, he'll laugh. It is the one thing that no one ever visualizes a robot doing. You've seen robots in holographic fantasies, haven't you? They're always pictured as literal-minded, unemotional, inhuman-That's what people are sure to expect. So Demerzel need merely laugh. And on top of that-Do you remember Sunmaster Fourteen, the religious leader of Mycogen?† â€Å"Of course I do. Literal-minded, unemotional, inhuman. He's never laughed, either.† â€Å"And he won't this time. I've done a lot of work on this Joranum matter since I had that little set-to at the Field. I know Joranum's real name. I know where he was born, who his parents were, where he had his early training, and all of it, with documentary proof, has gone to Sunmaster Fourteen. I don't think Sunmaster likes Breakaways.† â€Å"But I thought you said you don't wish to spark off bigotry.† â€Å"I don't. If I had given the information to the holovision people, I would have, but I've given it to Sunmaster, where, after all, it belongs.† â€Å"And he'll start off the bigotry.† â€Å"Of course he won't. No one on Trantor would pay any attention to Sunmaster-whatever he might say.† â€Å"Then what's the point?† â€Å"Well, that's what we'll see, Dors. I don't have a psychohistorical analysis of the situation. I don't even know if one is possible. I just hope that my judgment is right.† 22 Eto Demerzel laughed. It was not the first time. He sat there, with Hari Seldon and Dors Venabili in a tap-free room, and, every once in a while, at a signal from Hari, he would laugh. Sometimes he leaned back and laughed uproariously, but Seldon shook his head. â€Å"That would never sound convincing.† So Demerzel smiled and then laughed with dignity and Seldon made a face. â€Å"I'm stumped,† he said. â€Å"It's no use trying to tell you funny stories. You get the point only intellectually. You will simply have to memorize the sound.† Dors said, â€Å"Use a holographic laughtrack.† â€Å"No! That would never be Demerzel. That's a bunch of idiots being paid to yak. It's not what I want. Try again, Demerzel.† Demerzel tried again until Seldon said, â€Å"All right, then, memorize that sound and reproduce it when you're asked the question. You've got to look amused. You can't make the sound of laughing, however proficient, with a grave face. Smile a little, just a little. Pull back the corner of your mouth.† Slowly Demerzel's mouth widened into a grin. â€Å"Not bad. Can you make your eyes twinkle?† â€Å"What do you mean, ‘twinkle,†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ said Dors indignantly. â€Å"No one makes their eyes twinkle. That's a metaphorical expression.† â€Å"No, it's not,† said Seldon. â€Å"There's the hint of tears in the eye-sadness, joy, surprise, whatever-and the reflection of light from that hint of fluid is what does it.† â€Å"Well, do you seriously expect Demerzel to produce tears?† And Demerzel said, matter-of-factly, â€Å"My eyes do produce tears for general cleansing-never in excess. Perhaps, though, if I imagine my eyes to be slightly irritated-â€Å" â€Å"Try it,† said Seldon. â€Å"It can't hurt.† And so it was that when the talk on subetheric holovision was over and the words were streaking out to millions of worlds at thousands of times the effective speed of light words that were grave, matter-of-fact, informative, and without rhetorical embellishment-and that discussed everything but robots-Demerzel declared himself ready to answer questions. He did not have to wait long. The very first question was: â€Å"Mr. First Minister, are you a robot?† Demerzel simply stared calmly and let the tension build. Then he smiled, his body shook slightly, and he laughed. It was not a loud uproarious laugh, but it was a rich one, the laugh of someone enjoying a moment of fantasy. It was infectious. The audience tittered and then laughed along with him. Demerzel waited for the laughter to die down and then, eyes twinkling, said, â€Å"Must I really answer that? Is it necessary to do so?† He was still smiling as the screen darkened. 23 â€Å"I'm sure it worked,† said Seldon. â€Å"Naturally we won't have a complete reversal instantly. It takes time. But things are moving in the right direction now. I noticed that when I stopped Namarti's talk at the University Field. The audience was with him until I faced him and showed spunk against odds. The audience began to change sides at once.† â€Å"Do you think this is an analogous situation?† asked Dors dubiously. â€Å"Of course. If I don't have psychohistory, I can use analogy-and the brains I was born with, I suppose. There was the First Minister, beleaguered on all sides with the accusation, and he faced it down with a smile and a laugh, the most nonrobot thing he could have done, so that in itself was an answer to the question. Of course sympathy began to slide to his side. Nothing would stop that. But that's only the beginning. We have to wait for Sunmaster Fourteen and hear what he has to say.† â€Å"Are you confident there, too?† â€Å"Absolutely.† 24 Tennis was one of Hari's favorite sports, but he preferred to play rather than watch others. He watched with impatience, therefore, as the Emperor Cleon, dressed in sports fashion, loped across the court to return the ball. It was Imperial tennis, actually, so-called because it was a favorite of Emperors, a version of the game in which a computerized racket was used that could alter its angle slightly with appropriate pressures on the handle. Hari had tried to develop the technique on several occasions but found that mastering the computerized racket would take a great deal of practice-and Hari Seldon's time was far too precious for what was clearly a trivial pursuit. Cleon placed the ball in a nonreturnable position and won the game. He trotted off the court to the careful applause of the functionaries who were watching and Seldon said to him, â€Å"Congratulations, Sire. You played a marvelous game.† Cleon said indifferently, â€Å"Do you think so, Seldon? They're all so careful to let me win. I get no pleasure out of it.† Seldon said, â€Å"In that case, Sire, you might order your opponents to play harder.† â€Å"It wouldn't help. They'd be careful to lose anyway. And if they did win, I would get even less pleasure out of losing than out of winning meaninglessly. Being an Emperor has its woes, Seldon. Joranum would have found that out-if he had ever succeeded in becoming one.† He disappeared into his private shower facility and emerged in due time, scrubbed and dried and dressed rather more formally. â€Å"And now, Seldon† he said, waving all the others away, â€Å"the tennis court is as private a place as we can find and the weather is glorious, so let us not go indoors. I have read the Mycogenian message of this Sunmaster Fourteen. Will it do?† â€Å"Entirely, Sire. As you have read, Joranum was denounced as a Mycogenian Breakaway and is accused of blasphemy in the strongest terms.† â€Å"And does that finish him?† â€Å"It diminishes his importance fatally, Sire. There are few who accept the mad story of the First Minister's robothood now. Furthermore, Joranum is revealed as a liar and a poseur and, worse, one who was caught at it.† â€Å"Caught at it, yes,† said Cleon thoughtfully. â€Å"You mean that merely to be underhanded is to be sly and that may be admirable, while to be caught is to be stupid and that is never admirable.† â€Å"You put it succinctly, Sire.† â€Å"Then Joranum is no longer a danger.† â€Å"We can't be certain of that, Sire. He may recover, even now. He still has an organization and some of his followers will remain loyal. History yields examples of men and women who have come back after disasters as great as this one-or greater.† â€Å"In that case, let us execute him, Seldon.† Seldon shook his head. â€Å"That would be inadvisable, Sire. You would not want to create a martyr or to make yourself appear to be a despot.† Cleon frowned. â€Å"Now you sound like Demerzel. Whenever I wish to take forceful action, he mutters the word ‘despot.' There have been Emperors before me who have taken forceful action and who have been admired as a result and have been considered strong and decisive.† â€Å"Undoubtedly, Sire, but we live in troubled times. Nor is execution necessary. You can accomplish your purpose in a way that will make you seem enlightened and benevolent.† â€Å"Seem enlightened?† â€Å"Be enlightened, Sire. I misspoke. To execute Joranum would be to take revenge, which might be regarded as ignoble. As Emperor, however, you have a kindly-even paternal-attitude toward the beliefs of all your people. You make no distinctions, for you are the Emperor of all alike.† â€Å"What is it you're saying?† â€Å"I mean, Sire, that Joranum has offended the sensibilities of the Mycogenians and you are horrified at his sacrilege, he having been born one of them. What better can you do but hand Joranum over to the Mycogenians and allow them to take care of him? You will be applauded for your proper Imperial convern.† â€Å"And the Mycogenians will execute him, then?† â€Å"They may, Sire. Their laws against blasphemy are excessively severe. At best, they will imprison him for life at hard labor.† Cleon smiled. â€Å"Very good. I get the credit for humanity and tolerance and they do the dirty work.† â€Å"They would, Sire, if you actually handed Joranum over to them. That would, however, still create a martyr.† â€Å"Now you confuse me. What would you have me do?† â€Å"Give Joranum the choice. Say that your regard for the welfare of all the people in your Empire urges you to hand him over to the Mycogenians for trial but that your humanity fears the Mycogenians may be too severe. Therefore, as an alternative, he may choose to be banished to Nishaya, the small and secluded world from which he claimed to have come, to live the rest of his life in obscurity and peace. You'll see to it that he's kept under guard, of course.† â€Å"And that will take care of things?† â€Å"Certainly. Joranum would be committing virtual suicide if he chose to be returned to Mycogen-and he doesn't strike me as the suicidal type. He will certainly choose Nishaya, and though that is the sensible course of action, it is also an unheroic one. As a refugee in Nishaya, he can scarcely lead any movement designed to take over the Empire. His following is sure to disintegrate. They could follow a martyr with holy zeal, but it would be difficult, indeed, to follow a coward.† â€Å"Astonishing! How did you manage all this, Seldon?† There was a distinct note of admiration in Cleon's voice. Seldon said, â€Å"Well, it seemed reasonable to suppose-â€Å" â€Å"Never mind,† said Cleon abruptly. â€Å"I don't suppose you'll tell me the truth or that I would understand you if you did, but I'll tell you this much. Demerzel is leaving office. This last crisis has proved to be too much for him and I agree with him that it is time for him to retire. But I can't do without a First Minister and, from this moment onward, you are he.† â€Å"Sire!† exclaimed Seldon in mingled astonishment and horror. â€Å"First Minister Hari Seldon.† said Cleon calmly. â€Å"The Emperor wishes it.† 25 â€Å"Don't be alarmed,† said Demerzel. â€Å"It was my suggestion. I've been here too long and the succession of crises has reached the point where the consideration of the Three Laws paralyzes me. You are the logical successor.† â€Å"I am not the logical successor,† said Seldon hotly. â€Å"What do I know about running an Empire? The Emperor is foolish enough to believe that I solved this crisis by psychohistory. Of course I didn't.† â€Å"That doesn't matter, Hari. If he believes you have the psychohistorical answer, he will follow you eagerly and that will make you a Good First Minister.† â€Å"He may follow me straight into destruction.† â€Å"I feel that your good sense-or intuition-will keep you on target†¦ with or without psychohistory.† â€Å"But what will I do without you-Daneel?† â€Å"Thank you for calling me that. I am Demerzel no more, only Daneel. As to what you will do without me – Suppose you try to put into practice some of Joranum's ideas of equality and social justice? He may not have meant them-he may have used them only as ways of capturing allegiance-but they are not bad ideas in themselves. And find ways of having Raych help you in that. He clung to you against his own attraction to Joranum's ideas and he must feel torn and half a traitor. Show him he isn't. In addition, you can work all the harder on psychohistory, for the Emperor will be there with you, heart and soul.† â€Å"But what will you do, Daneel?† â€Å"I have other things in the Galaxy to which I must attend. There is still the Zeroth Law and I must labor for the good of humanity, insofar as I can determine what that might be. And, Hari-â€Å" â€Å"Yes, Daneel.† â€Å"You still, have Dors.† Seldon nodded. â€Å"Yes, I still have Dors.† He paused for a moment before grasping Daneel's firm hand with his own. â€Å"Good-bye, Daneel.† â€Å"Good-bye, Hari,† Daneel replied. And with that, the robot turned, his heavy First Minister's robe rustling as he walked away, head up, back ramrod straight, along the Palace hallway. Seldon stood there for a few minutes after Daneel had gone, lost in thought. Suddenly he began moving in the direction of the First Minister's apartment. Seldon had one more thing to tell Daneel-the most important thing of all. Seldon hesitated in the softly lit hallway before entering. But the room was empty. The dark robe was draped over a chair. The First Minister's chambers echoed Hari's last words to the robot: â€Å"Good-bye, my friend.† Eto Demerzel was gone; R. Daneel Olivaw had vanished. Part II Cleon I CLEON I-†¦ Though often receiving panegyrics for being the last Emperor under whom the First Galactic Empire was reasonably united and reasonably prosperous, the quarter-century reign of Cleon I was one of continuous decline. This cannot be viewed as his direct responsibility, for the Decline of the Empire was based on political and economic factors too strong for anyone to deal with at the time. He was fortunate in his selection of First Ministers-Eto Demerzel and then Hari Seldon, in whose development of psychohistory the Emperor never lost faith. Cleon and Seldon, as the objects of the final Joranumite Conspiracy, with its bizarre climax- Encyclopedia Galactica 1 Mandell Gruber was a happy man. He seemed so to Hari Seldon, certainly. Seldon stopped his morning constitutional to watch him. Gruber, perhaps in his late forties, a few years younger than Seldon, was a bit gnarled from his continuing work in the Imperial Palace grounds, but he had a cheerful, smoothly shaven face, topped by a pink skull, not much of which was hidden by his thin sandy hair. He whistled softly to himself as he inspected the leaves of the bushes for any signs of insect infestation. He was not the Chief Gardener, of course. The Chief Gardener of the Imperial Palace grounds was a high functionary who had a palatial office in one of the buildings of the enormous Imperial complex, with an army of men and women under him. The chances are he did not inspect the Palace grounds more often than once or twice a year. Gruber was but one of that army. His title, Seldon knew, was Gardener First-Class and it had been well earned, with thirty years of faithful service. Seldon called to him as he paused on the perfectly level crushed gravel walk, â€Å"Another marvelous day, Gruber.† Gruber looked up and his eyes twinkled. â€Å"Yes, indeed, First Minister, and it's sorry I am for those who be cooped up indoors.† â€Å"You mean as I am about to be.† â€Å"There's not much about you, First Minister, for people to sorrow over, but if you're disappearing into those buildings on a day like this, it's a bit of sorrow that we fortunate few can feel for you.† â€Å"I thank you for your sympathy, Gruber, but you know we have forty billion Trantorians under the dome. Are you sorry for all of them?† â€Å"Indeed, I am. I am grateful I am not of Trantorian extraction myself so that I could qualify as a gardener. There be few of us on this world that work in the open, but here I be, one of the fortunate few.†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ â€Å"The weather isn't always this ideal.† â€Å"That is true. And I have been out here in the sluicing rains and the whistling winds. Still, as long as you dress fittingly†¦ Look-† And Gruber spread his arms open, wide as his smile, as if to embrace the vast expanse of the Palace grounds. â€Å"I have my friends-the trees and the lawns and all the animal life forms to keep me company-and growth to encourage in geometric form, even in the winter. Have you ever seen the geometry of the grounds, First Minister?† â€Å"I am looking at it right now, am I not?† â€Å"I mean the plans spread out so you can really appreciate it all-and marvelous it is, too. It was planned by Tapper Savand, over a hundred years ago, and it has been little changed since. Tapper was a great horticulturist, the greatest-and he came from my planet.† â€Å"That was Anacreon, wasn't it?† â€Å"Indeed. A far-off world near the edge of the Galaxy, where there is still wilderness and life can be sweet. I came here when I was still an earwet** lad, when the present Chief Gardener took power under the old Emperor. Of course, now they're talking of redesigning the grounds.† Gruber sighed deeply and shook his head. â€Å"That would be a mistake. They are just right as they are now properly proportioned, well balanced, pleasing to the eye and spirit. But it is true that in history, the grounds have occasionally been redesigned. Emperors grow tired of the old and are always seeking the new, as if new is somehow always better. Our present Emperor, may he live long, has been planning the redesign with the Chief Gardener. At least, that is the word that runs from gardener to gardener.† This last he added quickly, as if abashed at spreading Palace gossip. â€Å"It might not happen soon.† â€Å"I hope not, First Minister. Please, if you have the chance to take some time from all the heart-stopping work you must be after doing, study the design of the grounds. It is a rare beauty and, if I have my way, there should not be a leaf moved out of place, nor a flower, nor a rabbit, anywhere in all these hundreds of square kilometers.† Seldon smiled. â€Å"You are a dedicated man, Gruber. I would not be surprised if someday you were Chief Gardener.† â€Å"May Fate protect me from that. The Chief Gardener breathes no fresh air, sees no natural sights, and forgets all he has learned of nature. He lives there†-Gruber pointed scornfully-â€Å"and I think he no longer knows a bush from a stream unless one of his underlings leads him out and places his hand on one or dips it into the other.† For a moment it seemed as though Gruber would expectorate his scorn, but he could not find any place on which he could bear to spit. Seldon laughed quietly. â€Å"Gruber, it's good to talk to you. When I am overcome with the duties of the day, it is pleasant to take a few moments to listen to your philosophy of life.† â€Å"Ah, First Minister, it is no philosopher I am. My schooling was very sketchy.† â€Å"You don't need schooling to be a philosopher. Just an active mind and experience with life. Take care, Gruber. I just might have you promoted.† â€Å"If you but leave me as I am, First Minister, you will have my total gratitude.† Seldon was smiling as he moved on, but the smile faded as his mind turned once more to his current problems. Ten years as First Minister-and if Gruber knew how heartily sick Seldon was of his position, his sympathy would rise to enormous heights. Could Gruber grasp the fact that Seldon's progress in the techniques of psychohistory showed the promise of facing him with an unbearable dilemma? 2 Seldon's thoughtful stroll across the grounds was the epitome of peace. It was hard to believe here, in the midst of the Emperor's immediate domain, that he was on a world that, except for this area, was totally enclosed by a dome. Here, in this spot, he might be on his home world of Helicon or on Gruber's home world of Anacreon. Of course, the sense of peace was an illusion. The grounds were guarded-thick with security. Once, a thousand years ago, the Imperial Palace grounds-much less palatial, much less differentiated from a world only beginning to construct domes over individual regions-had been open to all citizens and the Emperor himself could walk along the paths, unguarded, nodding his head in greeting to his subjects. No more. Now security was in place and no one from Trantor itself could possibly invade the grounds. That did not remove the danger, however, for that, when it came, came from discontented Imperial functionaries and from corrupt and suborned soldiers. It was within the grounds that the Emperor and his staff were most in danger. What would have happened if, on that occasion, nearly ten years before, Seldon had not been accompanied by Dors Venabili? It had been in his first year as First Minister and it was only natural, he supposed (after the fact), that there would be jealous heart-burning over his unexpected choice for the post. Many others, far better qualified in training-in years of service and, most of all, in their own eyes-could view the appointment with anger. They did not know of psychohistory or of the importance the Emperor attached to it and the easiest way to correct the situation was to corrupt one of the sworn protectors of the First Minister. Dors must have been more suspicious than Seldon himself was. Or else, with Demerzel's disappearance from the scene, her instructions to guard Seldon had been strengthened. The truth was that, for the first few years of his First Ministership, she was at his side more often than not. And on the late afternoon of a warm sunny day, Dors noted the glint of the westering sun-a sun never seen under Trantor's dome-on the metal of a blaster. â€Å"Down, Hari!† she cried suddenly and her legs crushed the grass as she raced toward the sergeant. â€Å"Give me that blaster, Sergeant,† she said tightly. The would-be assassin, momentarily immobilized by the unexpected sight of a woman running toward him, now reacted quickly, raising the drawn blaster. But she was already at him, her hand enclosing his right wrist in a steely grip and lifting his arm high. â€Å"Drop it,† she said through clenched teeth. The sergeant's face twisted as he attempted to yank his arm loose. â€Å"Don't try, Sergeant,† said Dors. â€Å"My knee is three inches from your groin and, if you so much as blink, your genitals will be history. So just freeze. That's right. Okay, now open your hand. If you don't drop the blaster right now, I will shatter your arm.† A gardener came running up with a rake. Dors motioned him away. The sergeant dropped the blaster to the ground. Seldon had arrived. â€Å"I'll take over, Dors.† â€Å"You will not. Get in among those trees and take the blaster with you. Others may be involved-and ready to act.† Dors had not loosened her grip on the sergeant. She said, â€Å"Now, Sergeant, I want the name of whoever it was who persuaded you to make an attempt on the First Minister's life-and the name of everyone else who is in this with you.† The sergeant was silent. â€Å"Don't be foolish,† said Dors. â€Å"Speak!† She twisted his arm and he sank down to his knees. She put her shoe on his neck. â€Å"If you think silence becomes you, I can crush your larynx and you will be silent forever. And even before that, I am going to damage you badly-I won't leave one bone unbroken. You had better talk.† The sergeant talked. Later Seldon had said to her, â€Å"How could you do that, Dors? I never believed you capable of such†¦ violence. â€Å" Dors said coolly, â€Å"I did not actually hurt him much, Hari. The threat was sufficient. In any case, your safety was paramount.† â€Å"You should have let me take care of him.† â€Å"Why? To salvage your masculine pride? You wouldn't have been fast enough, for one thing. Secondly, no matter what you would have succeeded in doing, you are a man and it would have been expected. I am a woman and women, in popular thought, are not considered as ferocious its men and most, in general, do not have the strength to do what I did. The story will improve in the telling and everyone will be terrified of me. No one will dare to try to harm you for fear of me.† â€Å"For fear of you and for fear of execution. The sergeant and his cohorts are to be killed, you know.† At this, an anguished look clouded Dors's usually composed visage, as if she could not stand the thought of the traitorous sergeant being put to death, even though he would have cut down her beloved Hari without a second thought. â€Å"But,† she exclaimed, â€Å"there is no need to execute the conspirators. Exile will do the job.† â€Å"No, it won't,† said Seldon. â€Å"It's too late. Cleon will hear of nothing but executions. I can quote him-if you wish.† â€Å"You mean he's already made up his mind?† â€Å"At once. I told him that exile or imprisonment would be all that was necessary, but he said no. He said, `Every time I try to solve a problem by direct and forceful action, first Demerzel and then you talk of â€Å"despotism† and â€Å"tyranny.† But this is my Palace. These are my grounds. These are my guardsmen. My safety depends on the security of this place and the loyalty of my people. Do you think that any deviation from absolute loyalty can be met with anything but instant death? How else would you be safe? How else would I be safe?' â€Å"I said there would have to be a trial. ‘Of course,' he said, ‘a short military trial and I don't expect a single vote for anything but execution. I shall make that quite clear.' â€Å" Dors looked appalled. â€Å"You're taking this very quietly. Do you agree with the Emperor?† Reluctantly Seldon nodded. â€Å"I do.† â€Å"Because there was an attempt on your life. Have you abandoned your principles for mere revenge?† â€Å"Now, Dors, I'm not a vengeful person. However, it was not myself alone at risk or even the Emperor. If there is anything that the recent history of the Empire shows us, it is that Emperors come and go. It is psychohistory that must be protected. Undoubtedly, even if something happens to me, psychohistory will someday be developed, but the Empire is falling fast and we cannot wait-and only I have advanced far enough to obtain the necessary techniques in time.† â€Å"Then you should teach what you know to others,† said Dors gravely. â€Å"I'm doing so. Yugo Amaryl is a reasonable successor and I have gathered a group of technicians who will someday be useful, but they won't be as-† He paused. â€Å"They won't be as good as you-as wise, as capable? Really?† â€Å"I happen to think so,† said Seldon. â€Å"And I happen to be human. Psychohistory is mine and, if I can possibly manage it, I want the credit.† â€Å"Human,† sighed Dors, shaking her head almost sadly. The executions went through. No such purge had been seen in over a century. Two Ministers, five officials of lower ranks, and four soldiers, including the hapless sergeant, met their deaths. Every guardsman who could not withstand the most rigorous investigation was relieved of duty and exiled to the remote Outer Worlds. Since then, there had been no whisper of disloyalty and so notorious had become the care with which the First Minister was guarded, to say nothing of the terrifying woman-called â€Å"The Tiger Woman† by many-who watched over him, that it was no longer necessary for Dors to accompany him everywhere. Her invisible presence was an adequate shield and the Emperor Cleon enjoyed nearly ten years of quiet and absolute security. Now, however, psychohistory was finally reaching the point where predictions, of a sort, could be made and, as Seldon crossed the grounds in his passage from his office (First Minister) to his laboratory (psychohistorian), he was uneasily aware of the likelihood that this era of peace might be coming to an end.

What TOEFL Score Do You Need to Get into College

If youre a non-native English speaker and youre applying to a college in the United States, chances are youre going to need to take the the TOEFL (Test of English as a Foreign Language),  IELTS (International English Language Testing System), or MELAB (Michigan Language Assessment Battery). In some cases you can take a combination of other standardized tests to demonstrate your language skills. In this article well look at the types of scores different college admissions offices require on the TOEFL. TOEFL Score Requirements for Top Schools Note that the scores below vary widely, and in general the more selective the college, the higher the bar is for English proficiency. This is partly because the more selective colleges can afford to be more selective (no surprise there), and also because language barriers can be disastrous at the schools with the highest academic expectations. Youll find that you need to be nearly fluent in English to be admitted to the United States top colleges and top universities. This makes sense: even in fields such as engineering, a significant portion of your overall college GPA is going to come from written work, discussion, and oral presentations. In the humanities, often over 80% of your total GPA comes from written and spoken work. Ive also included links to graphs of GPA, SAT and ACT data for applicants to each school since grades and test scores are essential pieces of the application. All data in the table is from the colleges websites. Be sure to check directly with the colleges in case any admissions requirements have changed. Also be aware that the paper-based TOEFL was revised in July of 2017 and is now available only in a few parts of the world where internet-based testing isnt feasible. 98 percent of test-takers use the internet-based TOEFL. Test Score Requirements College (click for more info) Internet-Based TOEFL Paper-Based TOEFL GPA/SAT/ACT Graph Amherst College 100 recommended 600 recommended see graph Bowling Green State U 71 minimum 500 minimum see graph MIT 90 minimum100 recommended 577 minimum600 recommended see graph The Ohio State University 79 minimum 550 minimum see graph Pomona College 100 minimum 600 minimum see graph UC Berkeley 80 minimum 550 minimum60 (revised test) see graph University of Florida 80 minimum 550 minimum see graph UNC Chapel Hill 100 minimum 600 minimum see graph University of Southern California 100 minimum not reported see graph UT Austin 79 minimum not reported see graph Whitman College 85 minimum 560 minimum see graph If you score a 100 or higher on the internet-based TOEFL or a 600 or higher on the paper-based exam, your demonstration of English language skills should be strong enough for admission to any college in the country. A score of 60 or lower is going to restrict your options drastically. Note that TOEFL scores are generally considered valid for just two years because your language proficiency can change significantly over time. Also, some colleges may require additional verification of English proficiency such as an interview because of some issues with cheating on the TOEFL. Cases in Which the TOEFL Requirement is Waived There are a few situations in which non-native speakers of English dont need to take the TOEFL or IELTS. If all of your high school education was conducted exclusively in English, you will often be exempted from the TOEFL requirement. For example, a student who spent all of high school at the Taipei American School in Taiwain would not need to take the TOEFL in most cases. Some colleges will also waive the TOEFL requirement if a student does extremely well on the ACT English sections or the SAT Evidence-based Reading exam. At Amherst, for example, a student who scored a 32 or higher on the Reading section and took the Writing exam can will be exempted, as will a student who scores 730 or higher on the SAT Evidence-based Reading exam. Low TOEFL Score? What Now? If your English language skills arent strong, its worth reevaluating your dream of attending a highly selective college in the United States. Lectures and classroom discussion will be fast-paced and in English. Also, regardless of subject—even math, science, and engineering—a significant percentage of your overall GPA is going to be based on written work. Weak language skills are going to be a severe handicap, one that can lead to both frustration and failure. That said, if youre highly motivated and your TOEFL scores arent quite up to par, you can consider a few options. If you have time, you could keep working on your language skills, take a TOEFL preparation course, and retake the exam. You could also take a gap year that involves English language immersion, and then retake the exam after building your language skills. You could enroll in a less selective college with lower TOEFL requirements, work on your English skills, and then attempt to transfer to a more selective school (just realize that transferring into very top schools such as those in the Ivy League is highly unlikely).